Prometheus监控非云原生应用-主机

更新于 2026-04-16 查看源文件

使用exporter监控服务

如果想要监控一些未提供Metrics接口的服务,比如MySQL、Redis等,需要安装对应的Exporter才能进行监控。

exporter一般支持监控多个实例,但是一般建议还是一个exporter监控一个实例,以免故障之后影响多个服务。

下面将使用MySQL作为一个测试用例,演示如何使用Exporter监控非云原生应用。

部署测试用例

# 部署mysql
kubectl create deploy mysql --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/mysql:8.0.20
kubectl set env deploy/mysql MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mysql
kubectl expose deploy mysql --port 3306
# 检查svc可用性
telnet 192.168.140.81 3306
# 登录MySQL,创建Exporter所需的用户和权限
kubectl exec -ti mysql-pod -- bash
mysql -uroot -pmysql
CREATE USER 'exporter'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'exporter' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 3;
GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'%';
quit

部署mysql exporter

创建MySQL Exporter的配置文件:

cat <<'EOF' >> .my.cnf
[client]
user=exporter
password=exporter
EOF

创建ConfigMap:

kubectl create cm mysql-exporter-cm --from-file=.my.cnf -n monitoring

部署mysql exporter及其svc:

# cat mysql-exporter.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: mysql-exporter
  name: mysql-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        app: mysql-exporter
      labels:
        app: mysql-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --config.my-cnf
        - /mnt/.my.cnf
        - --mysqld.address
        - mysql.default:3306
        image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/mysqld- exporter:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: mysql-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9104
          name: http-web
          protocol: TCP
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 128Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /mnt
          name: config
      volumes:
      - name: config
        configMap:
          defaultMode: 420
          name: mysql-exporter-cm
          optional: true
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    k8s-app: mysql-exporter
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: mysql-exporter
  ports:
  - name: http-web
    port: 9104
    protocol: TCP

通过svc地址获取监控数据:

curl -s 10.103.67.39:9104/metrics | tail -1

部署serviceMonitor

需要注意matchLabels和endpoints的配置,要和MySQL的Service一致

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
  name: mysql-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    k8s-app: mysql-exporter
    namespace: monitoring
spec:
  jobLabel: k8s-app
  endpoints:
  - port: http-web
    interval: 30s
    scheme: http
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: mysql-exporter
  namespaceSelector:
    matchNames:
    - monitoring

使用ScrapeConfig监控多实例

演示使用ScrapeConfig监控Redis多实例

部署测试用例

kubectl create deploy redis --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/redis:7.2.5
kubectl expose deploy redis --port 6379

部署exporter

kubectl create deploy redis-exporter -n monitoring --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/redis_exporter
kubectl expose deployment redis-exporter -n monitoring --port 9121

部署ScrapeConfig

接下来创建ScrapeConfig即可监控不同的实例:

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: ScrapeConfig
metadata:
  name: redis-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  scrapeInterval: 30s
  jobName: redis-exporter
  metricsPath: /scrape
  scheme: HTTP
  staticConfigs:
  - targets:
    # 多个实例写多次即可
    # redis://<username>:<password>@address:port
    - redis://redis.default:6379
    labels:
      env: test
  relabelings:
      - sourceLabels: [__address__]
        targetLabel: __param_target
      - sourceLabels: [__param_target]
        targetLabel: instance
  - targetLabel: __address__
    replacement: redis-exporter.monitoring:9121

部署完成后可以去prometheus-target中查看状态,可以安装dashboard展示指标

使用Probe黑盒监控

参考文档:blackbox_exporter (GitHub)

CRD 文档:blackbox-exporter docs (GitHub)

Probe 类型的监控通常都会和Blackbox配合使用,用于监控域名的可用性。

比如需要使用HTTP请求监控某个域名,可以使用如下配置:

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Probe
metadata:
  name: blackbox
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  interval: 30s
  jobName: blackbox
  module: http_2xx
  prober:
    url: blackbox-exporter.monitoring.svc:19115
    scheme: http
    path: /probe
  targets:
  staticConfig:
    static:
    # 多个实例写多次即可
    - https://www.kubeasy.com
    - https://www.baidu.com

资源创建后即可在Prometheus-targets搜blackbox,查看到监控目标,同样可以安装dashboard,Dashboard ID为:13659

监控外部主机

监控Linux 的Exporter 是:node_exporter (GitHub)

监控 Windows 主机的Exporter 是:windows_exporter (GitHub)。

首先下载对应的 Exporter 至 Windows 主机(MSI文件下载地址:windows_exporter Releases)
下载完成后,双击打开即可完成安装,之后可以在任务管理器上看到对应的进程
Windows Exporter 会暴露一个9182端口,可以通过该端口访问到Windows的监控数据。
创建一个Scrape即可监控外部的Windows机器:

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: ScrapeConfig
metadata:
  name: windows-exporter
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  scrapeInterval: 30s
  jobName: windows-exporter
  metricsPath: /metrics
  scheme: HTTP
staticConfigs:
- targets:
  # 多个实例写多次即可
  - 192.168.1.104:9182
  labels:
    env: test

最后在Grafana中导入模板(ID:20763)即可