Grafana
Grafana简介
- Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具,可以将采集的数据可视化的展示,并及时通知给告警接收方。(自带alert功能,但是不常用,一般用专业alert服务比如alertmanager)
部署Grafana服务
#grafana用到的镜像为k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
#可以创建pod的时候拉取,也可以先上传到node上
docker load -i k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
#上传grafana的yaml文件
kubectl apply -f dep-grafana.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certificates
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"
# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
# If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
value: /
volumes:
- name: ca-certificates
hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
# or through a public IP.
# type: LoadBalancer
# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
# type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
type: NodePort
接入prometheus服务
配置UI界面
-
通过nodeport的svc进入UI界面
-
选择Create your first data source
-
Name: Prometheus
-
Type: Prometheus
-
HTTP 处的URL:http://prometheus.monitor-sa.svc.cluster.local:9090
-
配置好的整体页面如下:

- 点击左下角Save & Test,出现如下Data source is working,说明prometheus数据源成功的被grafana接入了
部署模板
-
导入监控模板:
-
监控模板可以在官网下载:Grafana Dashboards
-
在左侧filter中筛选,一个个测试

- 比如node-exporter:Node Exporter Full | Grafana Labs
-
在左侧Create-Import中导入json文件,这里导入了docker_rev1.json和node_exporter.json两个文件。
查看表的query
- 在表头上的edit里面可以看到图表使用的什么query


-
如果某个指标或者table没数:
-
可以通过edit找到这个指标名称,放到prometheus中execute查一下,如果prometheus中都没数据,说明这个指标没被采集。可以从后往前删,看看是不是因为版本问题导致的拼写差异。找到prometheus中正确的写法之后,再修改grafana中的query。

监控pod:kube-state-metrics组件
ksm简介
- kube-state-metrics监听API Server生成有关资源对象的状态指标,比如Node、Pod。
- 需要注意的是kube-state-metrics只是简单的提供一个metrics数据,并不会存储这些指标数据,所以我们可以使用Prometheus来抓取这些数据然后存储。
- 主要关注的是业务相关的元数据,比如Pod副本状态;调度了多少个replicas;现在可用的有几个;多少个Pod是running/stopped/terminated状态;Pod重启了多少次;有多少job在运行中。
部署ksm
创建sa并授权
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
resources: ["statefulsets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
部署ksm pod
- 上传并解压quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0镜像(不上传也能拉下来)
- 创建deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kube-state-metrics
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
- 创建svc
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
selector:
app: kube-state-metrics
ports:
- name: kube-state-metrics
port: 8080
protocol: TCP
grafana基于ksm监控pod信息
- ksm部署好之后,可以在grafana中导入以下两个json:
- Kubernetes Cluster (Prometheus)-1577674936972.json
- Kubernetes cluster monitoring (via Prometheus) (k8s 1.16)-1577691996738.json